原文作者:a16z 政策总监 Brian Quintenz
原文翻译:路飞,先见之明新闻
对于政府来说,为新兴技术制定有效的政策可能具有挑战性,尤其是当该技术不符合传统监管框架时。Web3 就是这种情况,因为去中心化系统本质上无法遵守传统的法律要求。例如,当前的规则假设存在某种中心化中介,而 Web3 中通常不存在这种中介。这些规则旨在降低因存在管理团队等受信任的中心化实体而产生的利益冲突和信息不对称等风险;然而,将这些规则应用于去中心化系统可能会迫使系统重新中心化,阻碍创新,破坏 Web3 的变革潜力,并损害用户利益。
去中心化已经重塑了社交媒体、身份管理、创意产业和金融。尽管中国是发达国家,但 加密货币采用率,美国对去中心化加密资产没有有效的监管体系。
While the U.S. has made some progress (such as FIT21 and Wyoming’s DUNA), we still need significant legislative progress to provide regulatory clarity, properly encourage decentralization, and protect consumers. Regardless of who wins the U.S. election, government departments and agencies can take some simple steps (without legislation) to help the U.S. seize the Web3 opportunity.
以下列出其中最重要的七项。虽然这份清单并不全面,但它应该有助于美国政府和其他利益相关者了解如何朝着正确的方向前进。
1.各有关部门要把促进竞争和创新纳入职责范围
As Marc Andreessen and Ben Horowitz have argued, the key to America’s tech hegemony has always been the startup. “A startup is a courageous group of outcasts and misfits who come together with a dream, ambition, courage, and a special set of skills to create something new for the world, to build a product that improves people’s lives, and to start a company that might go on to create more new things in the future,” they observed. Edison, Jobs, and Musk represent just a few of the leaders of America’s startups. America’s leadership in startups is largely due to competitive innovation generated by our pioneering spirit, work ethic, rule of law, strong capital markets, education system, and public sector investment in research and development.
尽管初创企业可以定义初创公司在开发旧行业,甚至在某些情况下创造新行业时,从一开始就面临着各种可能的不利因素。与拥有大量用户群和财力资源的大公司相比,初创公司往往起步艰难。一些老牌公司可能还有另一个优势:能够让政府打击初创公司竞争对手或施加昂贵的规则,从而形成进入监管壁垒。
如果初创企业是美国创新的命脉,那么所有机构都应将促进竞争和创新纳入其职责范围,确保这些目标是其首要任务。
2. SEC 应参与正式的规则制定,并对数字资产交易的分类提供明确的指导
当美国证券交易委员会的工作人员 交流 美国证券交易委员会 (SEC) 都难以定义哪些加密资产交易属于证券,想象一下对于普通用户来说这有多困难。由于缺乏明确性,美国没有一个正常运转的数字资产市场。为了解决这个问题,SEC 应该参与制定规则,向市场参与者提供明确的指示,说明某一数字资产的交易是否涉及证券的出售,这一行动将产生许多影响。但自 2019 年以来,SEC 一直拒绝向公众发布指导意见的呼吁,而是选择通过执法进行适得其反的监管,这可能会损害企业、迷惑投资者并扰乱日常用户。
3. 消除中介要求。区块链消除了对第三方的需求
区块链的一项关键创新是无需第三方中心化中介即可进行交易。然而,目前为传统市场设计的规则预设了经纪人、清算机构、托管人和做市商等中心化中介的存在。
Regulation is appropriate when centralized firms are involved in these functions. But treating decentralized systems in the same way prevents them from playing similar roles and insulates them from the benefits these systems provide. This amounts to a form of “technological discrimination.” Disintermediating services can reduce risks (such as counterparty risk) and costs (such as transaction fees) while increasing efficiency and promoting competition. If blockchain technology eliminates the need for intermediaries, regulators should remove intermediary requirements where relevant.
同样,通过更新现有规则,机构可以帮助区块链彻底改变我们的金融体系。如果现有规则能够适应区块链上的交易,跨境支付、数字证券和商品交易结算以及衍生品市场都可以变得更加高效。
4. 提高机构决策过程的透明度,加强与私营部门利益相关者、民间社会组织、学术界和公众的沟通
Improving transparency in institutional decision-making processes is critical to developing sound crypto policy. It builds trust, ensures accountability, and allows for public participation. An open dialogue with stakeholders ultimately leads to more effective regulatory solutions: firms work with regulators to explore these solutions to ensure regulators fully understand dynamic market structures and firms’ goals, operations, and risks. When institutions openly share how they make decisions, it also prevents undue influence from special interests and helps ensure policy fairness.
It is critical that agencies encourage (or at least allow) businesses to hold educational meetings with regulators without fear of retaliation from enforcement actions. This will help achieve what I call “regulation through dialogue,” rather than regulation through enforcement.
透明度使利益相关者(包括创新者和公众)能够提供反馈,从而促进更智能、更具包容性的加密监管方法。
5. 允许白宫工作人员和联邦机构员工使用加密货币
A 2022 legal advisory notice issued by the U.S. Office of Government Ethics prohibits “employees who hold cryptocurrencies or stablecoins” from participating in the development of cryptocurrency-related policies and regulations that could affect the value of their assets. The notice applies to all White House staff and federal agency employees and stipulates that the de minimis thresholds applicable to securities do not apply to cryptocurrencies.
维护利益冲突方面的道德标准对于建立对政府行为的信任当然很重要。但阻止负责制定加密货币规则的政府雇员使用加密货币就像禁止交通官员乘坐火车或飞机一样。负责监管加密货币的政府雇员应该被允许使用加密货币。
6.为政府雇员提供专门培训
除了从与加密货币的互动中受益之外,政府雇员还将受益于专门的区块链知识培训。这对于理解去中心化创新、做出明智的政策决策以及有效利用执法资源至关重要。随着去中心化系统重塑金融和网络安全等领域,官员们需要了解区块链分析、智能合约设计和去中心化治理等关键概念。这种培训可以帮助官员了解如何利用区块链的透明度更好地实现监管目标。它还将帮助政府制定公平的法规,支持区块链驱动的创新,并确保公共部门举措符合去中心化原则和公共利益。
Partnerships are a good option. By working with industry, research institutions, and universities, governments can provide their staff with cutting-edge research and expertise in blockchain technology. Where such initiatives already exist (such as the SEC’s Strategic Center for Innovation and Financial Technology), agencies should leverage collaborations with innovators, developers, and builders of new technologies.
7. 支持私营部门区块链研究并使用零知识证明来更好地保护敏感和专有信息
美国政府机构还应推动对开源、无需许可的区块链系统的研究,以确保国家安全。包括俄罗斯在内的许多对手都在开发政府支持的区块链协议,如果在全球范围内采用,敌对政府可能会获得个人身份信息以及敏感的财务和运营数据。美国机构应支持区块链研究,以帮助开发私营部门的解决方案,帮助美国应对在加密领域输给不认同西方价值观的其他国家的风险。
政府可以从 RD 中受益的一个领域是隐私保护技术,例如零知识证明 (ZKP)。与其他隐私增强技术相比,ZKP 代表了隐私技术的重大改进,可确保用户获得最大程度的隐私和控制。
ZKP 可直接使美国政府机构受益,帮助它们增强信息安全和隐私。区块链提供去中心化的安全账本,确保数据在多个节点上受到保护。加密和去中心化信息可降低黑客攻击和服务中断的风险。ZKP 允许各方在不泄露实际数据的情况下验证信息的真实性,只允许共享必要的身份证明或授权,而不会暴露敏感细节。例如,证明某人的年龄超过一定门槛,但不透露其出生日期。
区块链与零知识证明的结合可以增强数据完整性,提高对数字系统的信任度,并保护各种政府运作中的机密信息。机构还可以使用去中心化系统来改善数据传输、通信等。因此,机构应考虑使用区块链和零知识证明来保护敏感信息并提高效率。
总结
美国需要采取更多措施建立有效的加密监管制度,激励去中心化,同时保护消费者。与此同时,我们希望这份机构行动清单能帮助美国机构和其他利益相关者了解如何在不等待新立法的情况下朝着正确的方向迈出步伐。也许,在我们等待立法的同时,工人可能会被允许真正采用加密货币。
本文来源互联网:a16z:随着加密总统特朗普的回归,美国政府如何抓住Web3机遇?
Original author: Andrew 10 GWEI Compiled by Odaily Planet Daily ( @OdailyChine ) Translator |Azuma ( @azuma_eth ) Editors note: Scroll will officially take an airdrop snapshot tomorrow and will open airdrop applications on October 22. On the eve of the airdrop, on-chain analyst Andrew 10 GWEI published an article digging into the address points (Marks) of many co-founders and team members of Scroll . The data showed that multiple addresses associated with the Scroll team have generally accumulated tens of thousands or even millions of points. In this regard, many community members called on Scroll team members to exclude these addresses holding huge points from the airdrop for fairness reasons. As of the time of posting, Scroll team members have not responded to Andrew 10 GWEIs investigation. The following…








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